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. 2008 Dec 8;337:a2396. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2396

Table 4.

 Interventions in labour. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise

Intervention Experimental Control Difference* (95% CI) P value
Before (n=1029) After (n=892) Before (n=1291) After (n=1279)
Artificial rupture of membranes 383 (37.2) 401 (44.9) 514 (39.8) 500 (39.0) 5.6 (−2.2 to 13.4) 0.1
Continuous electronic fetal monitor 567 (55.1) 557 (62.4) 781 (60.4) 820 (64.1) −0.1 (−14.2 to 14.1) 1.0
Epidural 211 (20.5) 290 (32.5) 382 (29.5) 441 (34.4) 2.1 (−8.0 to 12.2) 0.7
Opiate 646 (62.7) 532 (59.6) 680 (52.6) 649 (50.7) 1.5 (−4.6 to 7.6) 0.6
Epidural and opiate 129 (12.5) 177 (19.8) 223 (17.2) 225 (17.5) 4.4 (−2.8 to 11.7) 0.2
Vaginal examination mean (range) 2.89 (0-11) 3.67 (0-11) 3.31 (0-10) 3.46 (0-11) 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) 0.3

*Data analysis took into account clustering and adjusted for baseline.