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. 2008 Dec 8;337:a2396. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2396

Table 8.

 Maternal outcomes. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise

Outcomes Experimental Control Difference P value
Before (n=1029) After (n=892) Before (n=1291) After (n=1279)
Mode of delivery
Spontaneous vertex delivery 709 (68.9) 526 (58.9) 810 (63) 785 (61.3) −3.2 (−15.1 to 8.7) 0.6
Breech 3 (0.2) 0 0 0 NA NA
Instrumental 205 (19.9) 241 (27.0) 319 (25) 323 (25.2) NA NA
Elective caesarean section 4 (0.3) 0 0 3 NA NA
Emergency caesarean section 106 (10.3) 123 (13.7) 162 (12.5) 165 (12.9) 0.0 (−4.3 to 4.3) 1.0
Missing data 2 2 0 3 NA NA
Complications
Any complication 422 (41) 439 (49.2) 571 (44.2) 596 (46.6) 3.9 (−9.4 to 17.2) 0.5
Failure to progress—first stage 70 (6.8) 42 (4.7) 55 (4.3) 59 (4.6) −3.4 (−15.3 to 8.6) 0.5
Failure to progress—second stage 91(8.8) 142 (15.9) 84 (6.5) 119 (9.3) 15.2 (−4.5 to 34.9) 0.1
Mal position/presentation 11 (1.1) 9 (1.0) 10 (0.8) 16 (1.2) NA NA
Intrapartum haemorrhage 10 (1.0) 5 (0.5) 6 (0.5) 7 (0.5) NA NA
Postpartum haemorrhage 12 (1.2) 10 (1.1) 16 (1.2) 20 (1.5) NA NA
Failed forceps 4 (0.4) 9 (1.0) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.2) NA NA
Shoulder dystocia 4 (0.4) 5 (0.5) 13 (1.0) 7 (0.5) NA NA
Maternal pyrexia 2 (0.2) 3 (0.3) 12 (0.9) 10 (0.7) NA NA
Raised blood pressure 5 (0.5) 4 (0.4) 5 (0.4) 6 (0.4) NA NA
Retained placenta 11 (1.1) 16 (1.7) 26 (2.0) 14 (1.0) NA NA
Third/fourth degree tear 8 (0.8) 7 (0.7) 10 (0.8) 8 (0.6) NA NA

NA=not applicable.