Table 1.
Characteristics of observational studies evaluating dietary fats and endometrial cancer risk
| Reference | Country | Cases/ controls or cohort size |
Age | Dietary assessment |
Method of adjustment for total energy intake [56] |
Time frame* | Dietary fats evaluated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort studies | |||||||
| Furberg et al., 2003 [27]† |
Norway | 130/24,460 | 20 - 49 | FFQ (64 items) | Not adjusted for total energy |
Total fat intake | |
| Zheng et al., 1995 [36] |
United States | 216/ 23,070 |
55-69 | FFQ (127 items) | Standard multivariate method |
Current intake | Total fat from animal sources, total fat from plant sources |
| Jain et al., 2000 [26] |
Norway | 221/3697 | 40 - 59 | FFQ (86 items) | Residuals method | One month prior |
Total fat, saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, animal fat, vegetable fat |
| Population-based case-control studies | |||||||
| Shu et al., 1993 [28] |
China | 268/268 | 18-74 | FFQ (63 items) | Not adjusted for total energy intake |
10 years | Calories from fat, animal fat, plant fat |
| Potischman et al., 1993 [23] |
United States | 399/296 | 20-74 | FFQ (Block, 60 items) |
Multivariate nutrient density method and modified energy partition method (fat calories adjusted for carbohydrate calories) |
“past few years” |
Saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, cholesterol, fat calories, % calories from fat |
| Goodman et al., 1997 [29, 30] |
United States | 332/511 | 18-84 | Dietary history (250 items) |
Standard multivariate method (similar results using the residual method) |
1 year | Fat calories, % calories from fat, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, cholesterol, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat |
| Jain et al., 2000 [31] |
Canada | 552/562 | 30-79 | Dietary history (n Items ?) |
Residuals method | 1 year | Total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, animal fat |
| McCann et al., 2000 [32] |
United States | 232/639 | 40-85 | FFQ (172 items) | Unspecified | 2 years | Total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol |
| Littman et al., 2001 [25] |
United States | 679/944 | 45-74 | FFQ (modified Block, 98 items) |
Multivariate nutrient density method |
5 years | Percent energy from fat, saturated fat, linoleic acid, oleic acid, cholesterol |
| Hospital-based case-control studies | |||||||
| Tzonou et al, 1996 [34]† |
Greece | 145/298 | FFQ (115 items) | “in marginal quartiles, continuously” |
1 year | Total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol | |
| Barbone et al., 1993 [35] |
United States | 103/236 | FFQ (Willett, 116 items) |
Residuals method | 1 year | Animal fat, vegetable fat, cholesterol | |
| Salazar-Martinez et al., 2005 [33] |
Mexico | 85/629 | 18-81 | FFQ (116 items) | Residuals method and standard multivariate method |
1 year | Total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, animal fat, vegetable fat, cholesterol |
Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; ?, unspecified
*
Time frame for dietary assessment.
†
Whether hysterectomies were excluded unspecified