Protective effect of mucosal tolerance to E-selectin against behavioral and memory impairments. (A) Graphs of the discrimination index on the object recognition test. The discrimination indices of the E-selectin and sham groups were significantly increased, as compared with the PBS group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and P<0.001. (B) Graph of the percent alternation by rats on the T-maze spontaneous alternation test. In the E-selectin-treated animals, the percent of rats that alternated was significantly increased at 10 weeks, as compared with the PBS-treated animals. *P<0.05. (C) Graph of the percentages of correct arm entrance on the T-maze left/right discrimination memory retention test at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after surgery. The percentages of correct arm entries of the E-selectin and sham-operated groups were significantly increased, as compared with the PBS group. Sham or E-selectin versus PBS: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and P<0.001. Sham versus E-selectin: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001.