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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2008 May 15;42(2):879–889. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.267

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Midline sagittal sections through the prefrontal cortex showing the progressive reduction in VMPFC metabolism with chronic VNS in TRD patients. A. Contrast between No Stimulation Control and Baseline scans (see text) showing no significant changes in the VMPFC before the device was activated. B. Contrast between Chronic 6 Months and Baseline showing the start of reduction in metabolism in VMPFC and related cingulate areas, specifically perigenual and supragenual anterior cingulate. C. Contrast between Chronic 1 Year and Chronic 6 Months showing progressive reduction of metabolism in the VMPFC during this late phase of the study along with a trend for further delayed clinical improvement. D. Contrast between Chronic 1 Year and Baseline showing robust deactivation in VMPFC extending from subgenual cingulate to the frontal pole.