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. 2008 Nov 12;5:101. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-101

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Copyright © 2008 Bouzar and Willems; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Confirmed and hypothetical (?) interplays between HTLV-1 and virus or cell-derived small non-coding RNAs. A. Given the imperfect base-pairing requirements, the multiplicity of cellular miRNAs and the length of the proviral genome, it seems likely (!?) that HTLV-1 is targeted by cellular miRNAs. B. HTLV-1 Tax directly transactivates cellular miRNA genes. Expression of a small non-coding viral RNA by HTLV-1 could affect viral (C) or cellular (D) gene expression through hypothetical (?) mechanisms of RNA interference.