Figure 3.

Producer biomass in producer communities (without herbivores) and complex food webs: relationship between producer biomass and nutrient-intake inefficiency in (a) producer communities and (b) food webs; (c) relationship between producer biomasses in food webs and producer communities; (d) biomass difference depending on the biomass density in producer communities. The nutrient-intake inefficiency of a producer is the ratio between its nutrient half-saturation density and the average nutrient half-saturation density across all producers in the community. The biomass difference expresses the difference between the biomass densities in the food webs and the producer communities.