Table 1.
ANCOVA results for eight morphological traits (Note: in traits where the effect of sex was significant, males were larger; where season was significant, autumn traits were larger.).
| trait | effect | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| wing | season | 4.88 | 0.03 |
| sex | 23.32 | <0.001 | |
| elevation | 0.1 | 0.75 | |
| tail | season | 12.28 | <0.001 |
| sex | 25.02 | <0.001 | |
| elevation | 0.6 | 0.44 | |
| tarsus | season | 0.99 | 0.32 |
| sex | 7.33 | 0.008 | |
| elevation | 1.13 | 0.29 | |
| bill length | season | 5.03 | 0.027 |
| sex | 10.52 | 0.002 | |
| elevation | 9.88 | 0.002 | |
| lower length | season | 7.51 | 0.007 |
| sex | 2.4 | 0.13 | |
| elevation | 0 | 0.98 | |
| bill width | season | 1.14 | 0.29 |
| sex | 0.06 | 0.81 | |
| elevation | 1.04 | 0.31 | |
| bill depth | season | 5.09 | 0.027 |
| sex | 18.6 | <0.001 | |
| elevation | 1.38 | 0.24 | |
| hook length | season | 0.26 | 0.61 |
| sex | 0.8 | 0.37 | |
| elevation | 7.06 | 0.009 |