(a) Type 2 fossil external view, showing small emergence holes (arrowed, scale bar in mm). (b) Internal view of the same specimen, showing aggregated larval chambers (scale bar in mm). (c) A sectioned asexual generation gall of the modern oak gallwasp A. quercusradicis (scale bar, 1 cm). (d) Mature asexual generation gall of the modern oak gallwasp Andricus hungaricus. (e) The same in cross-section, showing the suspended inner larval chamber (c–e, courtesy of Dr György Csóka).