Skip to main content
. 2008 Dec 15;105(52):20858–20863. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808723105

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Paneth cells directly sense enteric bacteria through cell-autonomous MyD88 activation. (A) A MyD88 transgene with an N-terminal FLAG epitope fusion was cloned downstream of the Paneth cell-specific Cryptdin-2 (CR2) promoter and introduced into MyD88−/− mice. (B) FLAG-MyD88 (red) and RegIIIγ (red) are expressed in small intestinal crypts of transgenic mice (on a MyD88−/− background, designated CR2-MyD88 Tg mice). RegIIIγ expression in the transgenic mice is reversible by partial depletion of the microflora through administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx). Sections were counterstained with Hoechst dye (blue). Arrows indicate Paneth cells. (Scale bars: 50 μm.) (C) Expression of antimicrobial factors was quantitated in small intestines of germ-free (gf) wild-type (wt), conventional (cv) wt, cv MyD88−/−, cv CR2-MyD88 Tg mice, or cv Abx-treated transgenic mice. All Q-PCR assays were performed as described in Fig. 1. Error bars indicate ± SEM. *P < 0.05.