Table 1.

Baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics

Characteristic	N = 139 patients
Gender: female N (%)	68 (49%)
Race/ethnicity, N (%)
White	101 (73%)
African-American	4 (3%)
Hispanic or Latino	28 (20%)
Other	5 (4%)
Unknown/not reported	1 (<1%)
Age at onset of NLDO, in months*N (%)
0 to <1	94 (68%)
1 to <6	45 (32%)
Age at surgery, in months N (%)
6 - <12	24 (17%)
12 - <18	58 (42%)
18 -<24	28 (20%)
24 - <36	18 (13%)
36 - <48	11 (8%)
Mean (range)	19 (6–45)
Previous treatment with topical antibiotics N (%)
Yes	108 (78%)
No	26 (19%)
Not known	5 (4%)
Previous treatment with nasolacrimal duct massage N (%)
Yes	100 (72%)
No	27 (19%)
Not known	12 (9%)
Laterality of NLDO treated with intubation (by patient) N (%)
Unilateral†	96 (69%)
Bilateral	43 (31%)
Type of stent (by eye) N (%)
Monocanalicular	135 (74%)
Bicanalicular	47 (26%)
Tubes secured in patient’s nose (by eye) N (%)
No	106 (58%)
Yes	76 (42%)
Monocanalicular	36 (47%)
Bicanalicular	40 (53%)
Clinical signs	N = 182 eyes
Increased tear lake present N (%)	172 (95%)
Epiphora present N (%)	155 (85%)
Mucous discharge present N (%)	116 (64%)
Number of clinical signs of NLDO N (%)
1	18 (10%)
2	67 (37%)
3	97 (53%)
Dye Disappearance Test results at enrollment N (%)
Normal**	4 (2%)
Indeterminate	17 (9%)
Abnormal	159 (88%)
Not done	2 (-)
Type of obstruction N (%)
Simple	137 (75%)
Complex	45 (25%)
Inferior turbinate infracture performed N (%)
Yes	33 (18%)
No	149 (82%)

NLDO nasolacrimal duct obstruction

^*Bilateral patients were classified according to age at onset in first eye.

^**Clinical signs in patients with normal Dye Disappearance Test results included 2 patients with epiphora as the only sign, 1 patient with increased tear lake as the only sign, and 1 patient with both epiphora and increased tear lake.

^†Six patients with bilateral NLDO got intubation in one eye and another procedure in the other eye (4 balloon catheter dilation, and 2 probing). These are counted here as unilateral intubation cases.