Table 4.

Monitoring and evaluation indicators, tools and assessment methods: programmatic indicators.

Indicator	Targets	Tools	Research
1. Identification of high risk individuals
Proportion of adolescent ANC attendees	>80% of adolescents attending ANC	Health facility assessments	Strategies for delaying pregnancies
Proportion of primigravidae with late ANC attendance	<10% attendees	Health facility assessment	Reasons for late attendance
Distance indicators of household residence from main health facility	Identification of high risk areas	Household surveys	Community SP-IPTp distribution
Antenatal HIV infection	Prevalence reduction	Mother to child HIV transmission assessments	Implementation of HIV prevention strategies
2. Antimalarial drug efficacy estimates
Antimalarial therapeutic efficacy	Agreed surveillance interval (2–5 years)	Antimalarial in vivo sensitivity tests	Comparative drug evaluations
Proportional reduction in parasitaemia between first antenatal visit and delivery	New indicator	Health facility prevalence estimate	Comparison with birthweight or anaemia outcomes
Proportion of women with placental infection who have received two SP-IPTp doses	Assessment in sentinel health facilities	Case-coverage methodology for determining SP-ITPp efficacy	Comparison of case-coverage efficacy estimates method with in vivo tests
Antimalarial post-treatment prophylaxis	Agreed surveillance interval (2–5 years)	Antimalarial prophylactic efficacy tests	Evaluation in aparasitaemic women on IPTp
3. Safety indicators
Inadvertent antimalarial drug exposure in first trimester	No exposures in asymptomatic women	Cross-sectional household/health facility surveys	Prevalence estimates and associated pregnancy outcomes
Assessment of safety indicators via national and international antimalarial exposure registry	Establishing functional registry	Standardized protocol under development by WHO	Demonstration sites; new methods for drug exposure, ascertainment, congenital anomaly detection