Left: Hsap 4 genomic map, Middle: RH map developed in this report, Right: Macaque genome sequence assembly of Mmul5 (Ensembl v.47, UCSC v.173). The positions of the BACs used to orient the linkage groups are indicated by asterisks added to the corresponding markers. The extent of the initial large linkage groups is indicated by the grey shaded vertical bars to the left of the macaque RH-map data. Comparisons of the RH and human genomic maps reveal two larger rearrangements, one involving the centromere and a second subtelomeric inversion on the p-arm. Comparisons of the RH and macaque genomic maps detect likely genome sequence assembly artifacts for regions assigned to Mmul 1 and 6. These regions are identified by four genes (WHSC2, MAEA, SLC26A1, CPLX1) and a single gene (PTTG2). The RH map displays complete synteny conservation between Mmul 5 and Hsap 4.