Depicted are the time-dependent productions of KC (panel A), IL-8 (panel B), TNF-α (panel C), IL-6 (panel D), MCP-1 (panel E), and IL-10 (panel F) in the BAL fluid of anesthetized beagles subject to high tidal volume mechanical ventilation after intrabronchial administration of LPS (2–4 mg/kg, black bars, n=6) or intrabronchial LPS plus intravenous S1P one hour later (85 μg/kg, gray bars, n=6). Production of each chemokine or cytokine increased relative to baseline without significant alteration by administration of S1P. Mean ± SEM, *p=0.053, †p≤0.01 relative to baseline.