Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) | BMI-matched control (C) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 11.35 (7.13–14.61) | 11.97 (10.56–14.17) | 0.505 |
| Males/females | 5/9 | 6/8 | |
| BMI Z-score | 2.15 (1.465–2.60) | 2.335 (1.78–2.65) | 0.698 |
| Average baseline | Average baseline | ||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.87 (4.54–5.63) | 5.27 (4.94–5.52) | 0.448 |
| Leptin (nM) | 1.97 (0.81–2.67) | 2.01 (0.976–3.41) | 0.800 |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 93.69 (70.64–204.02) | 161.13 (119.26–241.01) | 0.029 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.199 (2.494–5.676) | 5.109 (4.130–8.611) | 0.029 |
| Total adiponectin (ng/ml) | 8769.000 (6363.500–15 045.500) | 5798.000 (3216.500–7352.500) | 0.012 |
| Adiponectin HMW: total ratio | 0.706 (0.480–0.840) | 0.403 (0.273–0.505) | 0.033 |
| Adiponectin HMW (ng/ml) | 5370.500 (2763.000–11 867.500) | 2523.250 (819.000–3147.000) | 0.013 |
| Adiponectin LMW/MMW (ng/ml) | 2557.500 (2065.500–3503.000) | 2746.500 (1501.500–3191.000) | 0.765 |
| Ghrelin (pM) | 434.66 (339.13–479.32) | 248.55 (213.05–263.34) | < 0.001 |
| IGF-I SDS | 2.36 (−0.81 to 3.50) | 0.15 (−0.60 to 0.84) | 0.11 |
| GIP (pM) | 7.86 (5.88–9.65) | 5.60 (4.81–6.05) | 0.031 |
| PYY (pM) | 31.72 (29.32–35.03) | 26.23 (24.13–29.50) | 0.016 |
| NPY (pM) | 49.987 (36.062–62.088) | 49.858 (43.007–52.470) | 0.909 |
| Pancreatic polypeptide (pM) | 4.93 (3.32–6.44) | 5.02 (4.49–6.04) | 0.872 |
*
Wilcoxon sign rank test for comparison of PWS vs. OC. All data reported as medians (interquartile range).
Average baseline = (BL1 + BL2)/2 for each individual subject and then averaged overall. No significant differences detected between BL1 and BL2 values.