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. 2008 Dec 31;3(12):e4106. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004106

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Zhou et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) The relative expression levels of HongrES1 including mRNA and protein in caudal epididymis from all successfully mated rats after RNAi. Data are expressed as the means±SEM. (n = 10–14), ***P<0.001, as compared with the corresponding control. Csi, scrambled siRNA control; Hsi1 and Hsi2, two siRNAs specifically targeting the different sites of HongrES1 sequence. (B) The numbers of live offspring (open cycles) and fetuses (filled triangles) from normal female rats mated with knockdown male rats. Inserts show the average of the results. Data are expressed as the means±SEM. (n = 9–13), ***P<0.001, as compared with the corresponding control. Csi, scrambled siRNA control; Hsi1 and Hsi2, two siRNAs specifically targeting the different sites of HongrES1 sequence. (C) Dead (black arrow head) and small size (red arrow head) individual appeared in the litters after the HongrES1 expression of mated male rats was down-regulated by RNAi. (D) The abnormal embryos (black arrow head) appeared in the uterus after the HongrES1 expression of mated male rats was down-regulated by RNAi.