Table 2.

Seasonal variation in in vitro and in vivo measures of immune activity in small mammals and birds.

species	measure	arm	in SD (winter)	reference
mammals
Spermophilus beldingi	SRBC antibodies	humoral	decrease	Sidky et al. (1972)
Clethrionomys glareolus	SRBC antibodies	humoral	increase	Saino et al. (2000)
Sigmodon hispidus	spleen PFC to SRBC	cell mediated	increase	Lochmiller et al. (1994)
P. maniculatus	splenocyte proliferation	cell mediated	increase	Demas & Nelson (1998)
Mesocricetus auratus	splenocyte proliferation	cell mediated	increase	Brainard et al. (1987)
Phodopus sungorus	lymphocyte proliferation	cell mediated	decrease	Yellon et al. (1999)
	DTH to DNFB	cell mediated	increase	Bilbo et al. (2002)
	NK cell cytolytic activity	innate	increase	Yellon et al. (1999)
	phagocytosis	innate	decrease	Yellon et al. (1999)
	fever	innate	decrease	Bilbo & Nelson (2002)
	wound healing	integrative	decrease	Kinsey et al. (2003)
birds
Sturnus vulgaris	splenocyte proliferation	cell mediated	increase	Bentley et al. (1998)
Philomachus pugnax	DTH to PHA	cell mediated	increase	Lozano & Lank (2003)
Passer domesticus	DTH to PHA	cell mediated	increase	Martin et al. (2004, 2005, 2006a)
			increase	Greenman et al. (2005)
			no change	Gonzalez et al. (1999)
Zonotrichia leucophrys	fever	innate	decrease	Owen-Ashley & Wingfield (2006)