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. 2007 Nov 28;363(1501):2301–2316. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2201

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Vegetation patterns along soil toposequences illustrating forest-fire interactions through time. (a) Dense lichen woodlands in a fire-free landscape and corresponding to 10% of the study sites. (b) Less dense lichen woodlands in a landscape with fire occurring only once during the Holocene. (c) Lichen woodlands in a landscape with successive fires. (d) Lichen-heath tundra resulting from deforestation of stands associated with successive fires. Charcoal fragments are indicated in black at the soil surface.