Table 2.
Association between the metabolic syndrome at baseline or each of its components (in separate models and then in a single model) and risk for incident dementia over 4 years: the 3C Study, France, 1999–2004
| All-cause dementia | P | Alzheimer's disease | P | Vascular dementia | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 7,077 | 7,077 | 7,077 | |||
| Separate models | ||||||
| Metabolic syndrome | 1.28 (0.92–1.80) | 0.15 | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.39 | 2.42 (1.24–4.73) | 0.01 |
| High blood pressure* | 1.07 (0.66–1.72) | 0.79 | 1.06 (0.58–1.92) | 0.86 | 3.82 (0.52–27.91) | 0.19 |
| High waist circumference† | 0.86 (0.64–1.17) | 0.34 | 0.63 (0.43–0.94) | 0.02 | 0.82 (0.41–1.66) | 0.58 |
| High triglycerides‡ | 1.45 (1.05–2.00) | 0.02 | 0.90 (0.57–1.43) | 0.67 | 2.27 (1.16–4.42) | 0.02 |
| Low HDL cholesterol§ | 1.22 (0.82–1.81) | 0.33 | 0.76 (0.42–1.35) | 0.34 | 2.06 (0.94–4.53) | 0.07 |
| High glycemia‖ | 1.28 (0.88–1.88) | 0.20 | 1.04 (0.62–1.74) | 0.89 | 1.89 (0.89–4.02) | 0.10 |
| Variable high glycemia (split into two variables) | ||||||
| Impaired fasting glucose¶ | 0.63 (0.26–1.53) | 0.30 | 0.79 (0.29–2.16) | 0.65 | 0.63 (0.09–4.60) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes** | 1.58 (1.05–2.38) | 0.03 | 1.15 (0.64–2.05) | 0.64 | 2.53 (1.15–5.66) | 0.02 |
| Single model | ||||||
| High blood pressure* | 1.06 (0.65–1.70) | 0.83 | 1.10 (0.60–2.01) | 0.75 | 3.73 (0.51–27.4) | 0.20 |
| High waist circumference† | 0.83 (0.61–1.12) | 0.22 | 0.64 (0.43–0.95) | 0.03 | 0.65 (0.31–1.33) | 0.24 |
| High triglycerides‡ | 1.42 (1.00–2.01) | 0.05 | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | 0.998 | 1.98 (0.95–4.13) | 0.07 |
| Low HDL cholesterol§ | 1.05 (0.68–1.62) | 0.81 | 0.80 (0.43–1.48) | 0.47 | 1.52 (0.64–3.62) | 0.34 |
| High glycemia‖ | 1.21 (0.82–1.80) | 0.34 | 1.13 (0.67–1.92) | 0.65 | 1.61 (0.74–3.50) | 0.23 |
Data are hazard ratio (95% CI). Models are adjusted by age, sex, educational level, and city center: n = 7077, without missing data. Regressions analyzed by proportional hazards models with delayed entry and age as time scale.
Systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >85 mmHg or medication.
Waist circumference >88 cm in women or >102 cm in men.
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl.
HDL cholesterol <50 mg/dl in women or <40 mg/dl in men.
Fasting glycemia ≥110 mg/dl or nonfasting glycemia ≥200 mg/dl or antidiabetes medication.
Impaired fasting glucose: fasting glycemia ≥110 mg/dl without diabetes.
Diabetes: fasting glycemia ≥126 mg/dl or nonfasting glycemia ≥200 mg/dl or antidiabetes medication.