Table 3.
Means and mean differences of CVD risk factors for type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic control youth, adjusted for demographic and metabolic characteristics
| CVD risk factor | Type 2 diabetic subjects | Control subjects | Mean difference* | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | ||||
| Model 1 | 42 (39–45) | 50 (47–53) | −8 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 47 (44–50) | 48 (45–50) | −1 | 0.5 |
| Model 3 | 42 (38–45) | 50 (47–53) | −8 | <0.0001 |
| Model 4 | 46 (43–50) | 48 (46–51) | −2 | 0.4 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)† | ||||
| Model 1 | 114 (98–133) | 74 (65–84) | 40 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 102 (86–122) | 78 (68–89) | 24 | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 95 (80–112) | 78 (68–88) | 17 | 0.04 |
| Model 4 | 86 (71–104) | 81 (71–92) | 5 | 0.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Model 1 | 115 (111–118) | 107 (104–110) | 8 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 110 (106–113) | 109 (106–112) | 1 | 0.7 |
| Model 3 | 114 (110–117) | 107 (104–110) | 7 | 0.002 |
| Model 4 | 109 (105–113) | 109 (106–112) | 0 | 0.9 |
| ApoB (mg/dl)† | ||||
| Model 1 | 83 (76–92) | 60 (55–65) | 23 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 76 (68–85) | 61 (57–66) | 15 | 0.001 |
| Model 3 | 69 (62–77) | 63 (58–68) | 6 | 0.1 |
| Model 4 | 65 (57–73) | 64 (60–69) | 1 | 0.9 |
| LDL particle density (Rf) | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.262 (0.255–0.268) | 0.284 (0.278–0.262) | −0.022 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 0.266 (0.259–0.274) | 0.282 (0.276–0.288) | −0.016 | 0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.274 (0.266–0.281) | 0.280 (0.275–0.286) | −0.007 | 0.1 |
| Model 4 | 0.277 (0.269–0.285) | 0.279 (0.274–0.285) | −0.002 | 0.6 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | ||||
| Model 1 | 442 (420–465) | 310 (292–328) | 132 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 410 (387–433) | 319 (303–336) | 91 | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 428 (400–455) | 314 (295–332) | 114 | <0.0001 |
| Model 4 | 395 (369–422) | 323 (306–340) | 72 | <0.0001 |
| IL-6 (pg/dl)† | ||||
| Model 1 | 7.9 (5.2–11.1) | 2.9 (2.0–4.0) | 5.0 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 6.8 (4.2–11.0) | 3.0 (2.1–4.2) | 3.8 | 0.005 |
| Model 3 | 7.3 (4.3–12.3) | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | 4.4 | 0.004 |
| Model 4 | 6.5 (3.7–11.4) | 3.0 (2.1–4.3) | 3.5 | 0.03 |
| CRP (mg/dl)† | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.20 (0.12–0.33) | 0.07 (0.04–0.10) | 0.13 | 0.0004 |
| Model 2 | 0.07 (0.04–0.12) | 0.09 (0.06–0.13) | −0.02 | 0.5 |
| Model 3 | 0.12 (0.06–0.22) | 0.08 (0.05–0.12) | 0.04 | 0.2 |
| Model 4 | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.10 (0.07–0.14) | −0.05 | 0.03 |
| Leptin (ng/dl) | ||||
| Model 1 | 24 (20–29) | 15 (11–18) | 9 | 0.0004 |
| Model 2 | 13 (9–17) | 18 (15–20) | −5 | 0.03 |
| Model 3 | 26 (20–32) | 14 (10–18) | 12 | 0.0009 |
| Model 4 | 15 (10–19) | 17 (15–20) | −2 | 0.3 |
| Adiponectin (μg/dl) | ||||
| Model 1 | 10.7 (9.0–12.3) | 14.0 (12.6–15.3) | −3.3 | 0.0008 |
| Model 2 | 12.4 (10.6–14.3) | 13.5 (12.1–14.8) | −1.0 | 0.3 |
| Model 3 | 10.8 (8.7–12.9) | 13.9 (12.5–15.3) | −3.1 | 0.01 |
| Model 4 | 12.4 (10.3–14.6) | 13.5 (12.1–14.8) | −1.0 | 0.4 |
Data are means (95% CI). Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Model 2: model 1 plus BMI plus waist circumference. Model 3: model 1 plus A1C. Model 4: model 1 plus BMI, waist circumference, and A1C.
*
Estimated differences are positive when values for diabetic youth are more than control youth.
†
Geometric means are reported.