Table 1.
Between-group differences of demographic and clinical characteristics
| Depressed diabetic | Diabetic comparison | Healthy comparison | F (df = 2,56)* | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 13 | 18 | 28 | ||
| Age | 59.46 ± 11.41 | 62.00 ± 9.47 | 55.04 ± 11.00 | 2.47 | 0.09 |
| Education | 14.85 ± 2.08 | 15.22 ± 2.67 | 16.43 ± 3.18 | 1.79 | 0.18 |
| CIRS (total symptoms) | 7.23 ± 2.62† | 6.78 ± 3.80‡ | 2.57 ± 2.20 | 17.47 | <0.01 |
| SF-36 (general health) | 42.30 ± 25.46†§ | 73.06 ± 16.73‡ | 85.54 ± 12.42 | 27.84 | <0.01 |
| CVRF (age adjusted) | 11.08 ± 3.08† | 9.72 ± 3.14‡ | 3.36 ± 3.73 | 28.48 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes age of onset | 49.18 ± 16.27 | 52.23 ± 10.08 | NA | 0.38 | 0.54 |
| Diabetes duration (months) | 140.73 ± 114.23 | 115.76 ± 95.99 | NA | 0.39 | 0.54 |
| Depression age of onset | 53.91 ± 12.70 | NA | NA | ||
| Depression duration | 84.18 ± 66.13 | NA | NA | ||
| Ham-D | 20.45 ± 4.32 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| A1C | 7.46 ± 1.53†§ | 6.70 ± 1.09‡ | 5.40 ± 0.43 | 19.58 | <0.01 |
| Mini Mental Status Examination | 27.38 ± 2.90† | 28.61 ± 1.78 | 29.07 ± 1.15 | 3.71 | 0.03 |
| Global cognition (z score) | −0.46 ± 0.74†§ | −0.13 ± 0.58‡ | 0.29 ± 0.53 | 7.44 | <0.01 |
| MT ratio | |||||
| Bilateral caudate | 29.06 ± 2.56†§ | 32.26 ± 2.08‡ | 35.14 ± 1.05 | 31.41 [2,55] | <0.001 |
| Bilateral putamen | 33.57 ± 2.23 | 33.82 ± 1.38 | 35.08 ± 0.98 | 2.42 [2,55] | 0.10 |
| Frontal periventricular | 43.58 ± 1.41 | 43.85 ± 1.65 | 44.29 ± 1.73 | 0.13 [2,55] | 0.88 |
| White matter | |||||
| Anterior cingulate | 25.06 ± 5.01 | 26.63 ± 3.87 | 27.99 ± 3.58 | 0.38 [2,54] | 0.69 |
| χ2 | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | χ2 [2] = 1.49 | 0.47 | |||
| Male | 2 (15) | 6 (33) | 6 (21) | ||
| Female | 11 (85) | 12 (67) | 22 (79) | ||
| Ethnicity | χ2 [8] = 9.90 | 0.27 | |||
| African American | 2 (15) | 4 (22) | 3 (11) | ||
| Latino | 2 (15) | 2 (11) | 1 (4) | ||
| Asian | 3 (23) | 3 (17) | 3 (11) | ||
| Caucasian | 5 (38) | 7 (39) | 21 (75) | ||
| Other | 1 (8) | 2 (11) | 0 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%).
*
df of 2,56 applied to all analyses unless otherwise stated. Ham-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; SF-36 General Health, RAND SF-36 Short Form General Health subtest.
†
Difference between depressed diabetic patients and healthy comparison subjects, P < 0.01.
‡
Difference between nondepressed diabetic group and healthy comparison subjects, P < 0.05.
§
Difference between nondepressed diabetic group and depressed diabetic group, P < 0.05.