Table 1.
Characteristics of the subjects according to the severity of fatty liver
| Normal | Mild | Moderate | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 42 | 78 | 61 | |
| Age (years) | 53.4 ± 10.5 | 54.0 ± 9.3 | 55.2 ± 11.8 | 0.7 |
| Sex (male %) | 64.3 | 57.7 | 45.9 | 0.2 |
| Hypertension (%) | 52.4 | 34.6 | 44.1 | 0.2 |
| Current smoker (%) | 26.2 | 23.1 | 11.5 | 0.1 |
| PPARγ agonists use (%) | 9.5 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 0.6 |
| Insulin use (%) | 7.1 | 5.1 | 1.6 | 0.4 |
| ARB and ACEi use (%) | 40.5 | 21.8 | 23.0 | 0.06 |
| Statins use (%) | 21.4 | 12.8 | 19.7 | 0.4 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6.7 ± 6.0 | 4.6 ± 4.7 | 4.6 ± 6.3 | 0.1 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.6 ± 21.1 | 131.5 ± 13.7 | 134.8 ± 17.2 | 0.3 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 15.0 | 77.1 ± 8.2 | 78.7 ± 11.6 | 0.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 2.3 | 25.3 ± 3.3* | 27.1 ± 3.4‡ | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.8 ± 8.0 | 88.1 ± 7.5* | 91.2 ± 8.7‡ | <0.001 |
| Male | 85.8 ± 7.1 | 88.6 ± 6.7 | 92.7 ± 6.7† | 0.001 |
| Female | 83.1 ± 9.4 | 87.4 ± 8.5 | 91.8 ± 10.1† | 0.01 |
| WHR | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.05* | 0.94 ± 0.05† | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 180.3 ± 34.4 | 193.4 ± 39.5 | 190.3 ± 39.1 | 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 149.4 ± 101.8 | 182.0 ± 115.1 | 186.7 ± 83.4 | 0.2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 50.0 ± 13.1 | 48.0 ± 12.1 | 47.8 ± 8.8 | 0.6 |
| Male | 48.8 ± 9.4 | 46.6 ± 10.2 | 48.1 ± 8.7 | 0.6 |
| Female | 52.1 ± 18.3 | 49.4 ± 14.4 | 47.5 ± 8.9 | 0.5 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 104.9 ± 30.8 | 112.4 ± 36.6 | 111.5 ± 33.7 | 0.5 |
| AST (units/l) | 20.5 ± 6.5 | 24.9 ± 10.2 | 33.8 ± 19.2‡ | <0.001 |
| ALT (units/l) | 23.5 ± 10.2 | 32.6 ± 22.6* | 42.6 ± 24.7‡ | <0.001 |
| GGT (units/l) | 27.8 ± 18.5 | 42.0 ± 35.9* | 52.1 ± 41.9† | 0.003 |
| A-FABP total (μg/l) | 13.9 ± 10.1 | 15.9 ± 10.1 | 24.7 ± 17.9‡ | <0.001 |
| Male | 12.3 ± 9.0 | 13.6 ± 10.2 | 15.9 ± 6.6 | 0.3 |
| Female | 16.7 ± 11.6 | 19.1 ± 9.3 | 32.2 ± 20.9† | 0.001 |
| RBP-4 total (μg/ml) | 72.7 ± 28.7 | 74.1 ± 32.6 | 72.1 ± 26.1 | 0.9 |
| Male | 76.2 ± 23.3 | 83.3 ± 38.1 | 77.8 ± 23.6 | 0.6 |
| Female | 66.3 ± 36.5 | 61.6 ± 17.0 | 67.3 ± 27.5 | 0.7 |
| Adiponectin total (μg/ml) | 5.0 ± 2.2 | 4.1 ± 2.6* | 3.8 ± 2.3† | 0.03 |
| Male | 5.1 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 2.0† | 2.7 ± 1.2‡ | <0.001 |
| Female | 5.0 ± 2.3 | 4.9 ± 3.2 | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 0.9 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.50 ± 2.50 | 2.39 ± 4.46 | 3.60 ± 4.66* | 0.04 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 207.9 ± 142.5 | 180.0 ± 68.8 | 174.5 ± 58.5 | 0.2 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 6.4 ± 6.7 | 7.5 ± 6.1 | 11.1 ± 8.2† | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.1 ± 3.5 | 3.1 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 3.6* | 0.01 |
| A1C (%) | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 0.2 |
| 24-h albumin (mg/day) | 40.3 ± 45.1 | 31.4 ± 38.6 | 30.3 ± 40.6 | 0.5 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.87 ± 0.28 | 0.78 ± 0.17* | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.07 |
| Metabolic syndrome (n [%]) | 17 (41.5) | 55 (71.4) | 47 (77.0) | <0.001 |
Data are means ± SD, unless indicated otherwise. P value: the difference among three groups using ANOVA test.
*
P < 0.05 compared with normal.
†
P < 0.01 compared with normal.
‡
P < 0.001 compared with normal. ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase.