TABLE 2.

Future directions and perspectives

1.	We need direct access to human pancreata to better understand the pathogenesis of the human disease.
2.	We need live imaging data from mouse and human islets to better understand the kinetics of β-cell death and regeneration (2-photon and other techniques).
3.	We need to have diverse teams that comprise expertise from immunology, islet physiology, and complications in order to tackle this disease.
4.	We need to make a commitment to test combination therapies now, before single drugs have been approved for type 1 diabetes.
5.	We need to establish suitable biomarkers that can predict success of a given intervention. Longitudinal T-cell studies will be essential, especially if the process leading to type 1 diabetes turns out to be relapsing-remitting in nature.
6.	The ultimate goal should be an early childhood vaccine that redirects the immune system towards tolerance to β-cells.