Table 3.
Select implications of TRPV1 in inflammation, pain and hyperalgesia
| Tissue | Pathophysiological process | Type of evidence | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | Experimental inflammation in rodents | Upregulation of expression and function of TRPV1 in DRG neurones | Carlton and Coggeshall (2001); Ji et al. (2002); Breese et al. (2005) |
| Skin | Inflammation-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Caterina et al. (2000); Davis et al. (2000); Lehto et al. (2008) |
| Skin | Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia because of thermal injury in mice | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout | Bölcskei et al. (2005) |
| Skin | Thermal hyperalgesia of human skin because of ultraviolet B irradiation | Increase in heat pain tolerance by TRPV1 antagonism | Chizh et al. (2007) |
| Skin | Nocifensive response to intraplantar phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in mice | Abolition by TRPV1 knockout | Bölcskei et al. (2005) |
| Skin | Acid-induced pain in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Caterina et al. (2000); Davis et al. (2000); Pomonis et al. (2003) |
| Skin/leg | Experimental nerve injury in rodents (neuropathic pain) | Downregulation of TRPV1 in the damaged nerve fibres, but upregulation and ectopic expression of TRPV1 in non-damaged fibres, particularly those of the Aδ type | Hudson et al. (2001); Rashid et al. (2003) |
| Skin/leg | Mechanical hyperalgesia because of inflammation or nerve injury in rodents (inflammatory or neuropathic pain) | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Pomonis et al. (2003); Honore et al. (2005); Culshaw et al. (2006) |
| Skeletal muscle | Hypertensive response to muscle exercise in rodents (acid-induced pain) | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Gao et al. (2007) |
| Bone | Hyperalgesia associated with an in vivo bone cancer model in mice | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Ghilardi et al. (2005) |
| Joints | Experimental joint inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia in rodents | Attenuation of inflammation and hyperalgesia by TRPV1 knockout | Keeble et al. (2005); Szabó et al. (2005); Barton et al. (2006) |
| Respiratory system | Bronchoconstriction, microvascular leakage, hypersecretion and cough | Induction by TRPV1 agonism | Geppetti et al. (2006); Kollarik et al. (2007); Szallasi et al. (2007); McLeod et al. (2008) |
| Respiratory system | Patients with chronic cough | Upregulation of TRPV1 in bronchi | Geppetti et al. (2006); Kollarik et al. (2007); Szallasi et al. (2007) |
| Respiratory system | Cough induced by citric acid in normal guinea-pigs or by antigen in allergic guinea-pigs | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Geppetti et al. (2006); Kollarik et al. (2007); Szallasi et al. (2007); McLeod et al. (2008) |
| Respiratory system | Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Increased sensitivity to the protussive effect of TRPV1 | Geppetti et al. (2006); Kollarik et al. (2007); Szallasi et al. (2007) |
| Heart | Acidosis-evoked release of CGRP from sensory nerve fibres in the mouse heart | Abolition by TRPV1 knockout | Strecker et al. (2005) |
| Heart | Recovery of cardiac function after exposure to ischaemia/reperfusion (protection from and adaptation to ischaemic stress) | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Wang and Wang (2005); Zvara et al. (2006); Zhong and Wang (2007) |
| Oesophageal and gastrointestinal mucosa | Hyperaemia, secretion of bicarbonate secretion and protection from chemical injury in rats and humans | Induction by TRPV1 agonism | Holzer (1998, 2004b); Massa et al. (2006) |
| Ileal mucosa | Ileitis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin A in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | McVey and Vigna (2001) |
| Colonic mucosa | Colitis induced by dextrane sulfate or trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Kihara et al. (2003); Kimball et al. (2004); Miranda et al. (2007) |
| Digestive tract | Abdominal pain in rodents and humans | Induction by intraluminal capsaicin | Drewes et al. (2003); Schmidt et al. (2004); Holzer (2004a); Hammer et al. (2008) |
| Digestive tract | Acid-induced stimulation of vagal and spinal afferent nerve fibres in mice | Prevention by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Rong et al. (2004); Sugiura et al. (2007); Bielefeldt and Davis (2008) |
| Digestive tract | Acid-induced oesophagitis, gastric acid-evoked injury of the stomach, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced pancreatitis and colitis in rodents | Upregulation of TRPV1 in vagal and spinal afferent neurones | Schicho et al. (2004); Banerjee et al. (2007); Miranda et al. (2007); Xu et al. (2007) |
| Digestive tract | Patients with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, non-erosive reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, idiopathic rectal hypersensitivity and faecal urgency | Upregulation of TRPV1 in the mucosa | Yiangou et al. (2001); Chan et al. (2003); Matthews et al. (2004); Bhat and Bielefeldt (2006); Akbar et al. (2008) |
| Upper gastrointestinal tract | Functional dyspepsia | Hypersensitivity to the algesic effect of capsaicin | Hammer et al. (2008) |
| Upper gastrointestinal tract | Functional dyspepsia | Beneficial effect of TRPV1 ablation | Bortolotti et al. (2002) |
| Colon | Hyperalgesia to intraluminal acid and colorectal distension in mice with acute experimental colitis | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Jones et al. (2005, 2007); Miranda et al. (2007) |
| Colon | Post-inflammatory chemical and mechanical hyperalgesia in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Eijkelkamp et al. (2007); Jones et al. (2007); Winston et al. (2007) |
| Peritoneal cavity | Behavioural pain response to intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Ikeda et al. (2001); Rigoni et al. (2003); Tang et al. (2007) |
| Pancreas | Pancreatitis induced by caerulein | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Nathan et al. (2001) |
| Pancreas | Islet inflammation in non-obese diabetic mice (genetic model of type I diabetes) | Prevention by TRPV1 ablation | Razavi et al. (2006); Suri and Szallasi (2008) |
| Pancreas | Pain behaviour associated with L-arginine-induced necrotizing pancreatitis in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 antagonism | Wick et al. (2006) |
| Urinary bladder | Responsiveness of afferent neurones to bladder distension and intravesical acid in rodents | Attenuation by TRPV1 knockout and antagonism | Birder et al. (2002); Daly et al. (2007) |
| Urinary bladder | Increase in distension-induced afferent signalling and hyper-reflexia associated with experimental inflammation of the rodent urinary bladder | Attenuation by TRPV1 ablation and knockout | Jaggar et al. (2001); Charrua et al. (2007) |
| Urinary bladder | Patients with neurogenic bladder overactivity and sensory urgency | Upregulation of TRPV1 in the urinary bladder | Brady et al. (2004); Liu et al. (2007) |
| Urinary bladder | Patients with urinary bladder pain and hyperreflexia | Beneficial effect of TRPV1 ablation | Bley (2004); Brady et al. (2004); Avelino and Cruz (2006); Cruz and Dinis (2007) |
TRPV1 ablation refers to pretreatment with capsaicin or resiniferatoxin to defunctionalize afferent neurones.