Table 2.

Effect of jaw protrusion on forces exerted on attached, evasive and free-floating passive prey.

prey	data	major finding	statistics
attached	measured force	positive correlation between jaw protrusion speed and force	mixed-effects model, R2=0.6, p=0.003	after controlling for acceleration at the mouth
attached	simulation: ‘jaw protrusion’ and ‘fixed distance’ kinematics	force with ‘jaw protrusion’ higher by 32%	repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.002
free-floating	calculation: contribution of protrusion to the force exerted on the prey	force with ‘full kinematic model’ higher by 30%	repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.01	based on observed strike kinematics of bluegill and simulated prey
evasive	calculation: contribution of protrusion to the force exerted on the prey	force with ‘full kinematic model’ higher by 35%	repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.001	based on observed strike kinematics of bluegill and simulated prey
evasive	simulation: contribution of protrusion to strike success	strike success in ‘full kinematic model’ increased by 15%		based on observed strike kinematics of bluegill and simulated prey