Table 2.
Normal and Elevated Creatinine Among NHANES Participants ≥65 Years with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease
| N = 1,125 | Threshold of ≤1.5 mg/dl as “normal” serum creatinine | Threshold of ≤1.2 mg/dl as “normal” serum creatinine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal creatinine (n = 855, 80.6%) | Elevated creatinine (n = 270, 19.4%) | p value for difference using chi-square test | Normal creatinine (n = 362, 38.6%) | Elevated creatinine (n = 763, 61.4%) | p value for difference using chi-square test | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 65–74 years (%) | 43.9 | 41.6 | 0.82 | 50.5 | 39.1 | 0.01 |
| 75–84 years (%) | 41.9 | 42.8 | 38.3 | 44.5 | ||
| >85 years (%) | 14.1 | 15.6 | 11.1* | 16.4 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White (%) | 91.1 | 82.5 | <0.001 | 92.4 | 87.5 | <0.001 |
| African American (%) | 4.0* | 14.9 | 2.0* | 8.7* | ||
| Hispanic (%) | 4.9* | 2.6* | 5.6* | 3.7* | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female (%) | 73.4 | 25.7 | <0.001 | 100 | 41.6 | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 76.7 | 80.6 | 0.2 | 76.5 | 78.1 | 0.57 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 16.2 | 27.4 | 0.002 | 16.7* | 19.4 | 0.63 |
| History of cerebrovascular accident (%) | 9.8 | 17.6 | 0.01 | 7.7* | 13.7 | 0.01 |
| History of myocardial infarction (%) | 12.6 | 20.5 | 0.01 | 10.6* | 16.4 | 0.03 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 9.3* | 24.4 | <0.001 | 8.4* | 14.6 | 0.01 |
| Anemia (%) | 11.0 | 23.8 | 0.001 | 9.9* | 15.7 | 0.003 |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use (%) | 48.3 | 44.2 | 0.33 | 44.1 | 49.6 | 0.2 |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (%) | 35.9 | 41.5 | 0.325 | 38.9 | 35.8 | 0.33 |
*Estimate is unreliable, as the sample size was smaller than that recommended in the NHANES analytic guidelines for the design effect and estimated proportion19