Figure 1.

ASIC-1 is required for associative learning in C. elegans. (A–D) Conditioning to both gustatory and olfactory cues in the absence of food is impaired in animals carrying a deletion in the asic-1 gene. Bars depict chemotaxis indices towards the indicated water-soluble (A–C) or volatile compounds (D), calculated for either naive or conditioned wild-type (white) and asic-1(ok415) mutant animals (black). Error bars denote standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) values (n=750 in four experiments; ^***P<0.001, unpaired t-test). (E) Isothermal tracking performance of asic-1(ok415) mutant animals (black bar) is significantly reduced compared with wild type (white bar). Bars depict the percentage of animals that successfully track an isothermal line corresponding to their prior cultivation temperature, in a thermal gradient. Error bars denote s.e.m. values (n=200 in eight experiments; ^***P<0.001, unpaired t-test).