Table 3.
Worldwide use of major augmentative biological control programmes. (After van Lenteren & Bueno (2003).)
| natural enemy | pest and crop | area under control (ha) |
|---|---|---|
| Trichogramma spp. | lepidopteran pests in vegetables, cereals, cotton | 3–10 million, Russia |
| Trichogramma spp. | lepidopteran pests in various crops, forests | 2 million, China |
| Trichogramma spp. | lepidopteran pests in corn, cotton, sugar cane and tobacco | 1.5 million, Mexico |
| Trichogramma spp. | lepidopteran pests in cereals, cotton, sugar cane and pastures | 1.2 million, South America |
| AgMNPV | soya bean caterpillar in soya bean | 1 million, Brazil |
| entomopathogenic fungi | coffee berry borer in coffee | 0.55 million, Colombia |
| microbial agents | lepidopteran pests and others | 1 million, Russia |
| Cotesia spp. | sugar cane borers | 0.4 million, South America, China |
| Trichogramma spp. | lepidopteran pests in cereals and rice | 0.3 million, South East Asia |
| egg parasitoids | soya bean stink bugs in soya bean | 0.03 million, South America |
| Trichogramma spp. | Ostrinia nubilalis in corn | 0.1 million, Europe |
| Orgilus sp. | pine shoot moth, pine plantations | 0.05 million, Chile |
| 5 spp. of nat. enemies | Lepidoptera, Homoptera, spider mites in orchards | 0.03 million, Europe |
| more than 30 spp. of nat. enemies | many pests in greenhouses and interior plantscapes | 0.015 million, worldwide |