Table 3.

Estimates of costs (consumables and labour) per data point for marker genotyping during MAS.

institute	country	crop species	cost estimatea (US$)	reference
IRRIb	The Philippines	rice	0.30c, 1.00	this study
University of Guelph	Canada	bean	2.74	Yu et al. (2000)
CIMMYTd	Mexico	maize	1.24–2.26	Dreher et al. (2003)
University of Adelaide	Australia	wheat	1.46	Kuchel et al. (2005)
NSW Department of Agriculture	Australia	wheat	4.16	Brennan et al. (2005)
University of Kentucky, University of Minnesota, University of Oregon, Michigan State University, USDA-ARS	United States	wheat and barley	0.50–5.00	Van Sanford et al. (2001)

^aCosts were converted to US dollars from other currencies based on exchange rates on August 26, 2005. Estimates did not include costs associated with the collection of plant samples or capital costs.

^bConservative cost estimates at IRRI were performed using currently used routine marker genotyping methods for a single rice SSR marker using 96 samples. Cost estimates exclude gloves, paper towels, delivery charges, electricity and water and waste disposal.

^c$0.30—cost estimate when marker genotyping performed by a research technician. $1.00—cost estimate when marker genotyping performed by a postdoctoral research fellow.

^d$2.26—cost per data point estimated using a single SSR marker for 100 samples; $1.24—cost per data point estimated using over 200 markers for at least 250 samples.