Table 3.
Odds of Experiencing Life Stressors in Last 12 Months by Body Mass Index and Gender with Interaction Effects (United States, 2001–2002).
| Underweight BMI < 18.5 | Normal weight BMI=18.5–24.9 | Overweight BMI=25.0–29.9 | Obese BMI=30.0–39.9 | Extremely Obese BMI=40.0+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any family member or close friends died. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.18 (0.97–1.45) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.23 (1.13–1.34)** | 1.38 (1.24–1.53)** | 1.22 (1.01–1.48)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.93 (0.57–1.50) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 1.16 (1.04–1.31)* | 1.16 (0.87–1.51) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 3.36, p<.05 | |||||
| Any family member or close friends had serious illness or injury. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.19 (1.10–1.29)** | 1.30 (1.18–1.42)** | 1.45 (1.22–1.72)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 1.26 (1.13–1.40)** | 1.44 (1.09–1.89)** |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 3.24, p<.05 | |||||
| Moved/anyone came to live with you. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 0.90 (0.67–1.22) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | 0.78 (0.60–1.03) |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.90 (0.52–1.53) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 1.00, p=.41 | |||||
| Fired or laid off from job. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.14 (0.74–1.73) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.30 (1.07–1.57)** | 1.27 (1.01–1.60)** | 1.84 (1.26–2.70)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.55 (0.27–1.11) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.20 (0.98–1.46) | 1.61 (1.02–2.52)* |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 1.65, p<.17 | |||||
| Unemployed and looking for work for > 1 month. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.31 (0.94–1.82) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.30 (1.11–1.53)** | 1.20 (1.01–1.42)** | 1.82 (1.35–2.45)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.45 (0.23–0.88) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.96 (0.63–1.45) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 5.03, p<.01 | |||||
| Had trouble with boss or coworker. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.05 (0.74–1.51) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.32 (1.12–1.56)** | 1.48 (1.26–1.73)** | 1.66 (1.22–2.25)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.55 (0.30–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 1.32 (1.09–1.59)** | 1.85 (1.21–2.81)** |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 1.39, p=.25 | |||||
| Changed jobs, job responsibilities or work hours. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.09 (0.97–1.21) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.87 (0.52–1.43) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 0.72, p=.58 | |||||
| Got separated or divorced or broke off steady relationship. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.02 (0.71–1.48) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95)** | 0.75 (0.60–0.93)** | 0.55 (0.35–0.86)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 1.16 (0.54–2.48) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.23 (1.02–1.49)** | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 0.87 (0.48–1.58) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 4.06, p<.01 | |||||
| Had problems with neighbor, friend, or relative. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.25 (0.83–1.90) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.66 (1.23–2.24)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.87 (0.36–2.08) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) | 1.60 (0.86–2.97) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 0.24, p=.92 | |||||
| Experienced major financial crisis, bankruptcy, or been unable to pay bills on time. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 1.27 (0.86–1.88) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.29 (1.12–1.48)** | 1.88 (1.62–2.17)** | 3.26 (2.54–4.17)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 1.29 (0.67–2.49) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 1.36 (1.15–1.61)** | 2.02 (1.35–3.02)** |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 1.96, p=.11 | |||||
| You or a family member had trouble with police, got arrested, or sent to jail. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 0.68 (0.42–1.11) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 1.23 (1.02–1.47)** | 2.09 (1.52–2.88)** |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.50 (0.18–1.37) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 1.49 (0.92–2.43) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 1.39, p=.25 | |||||
| You or a family member been victim of crime. | |||||
| Female OR (95% C.I.) | 0.93 (0.59–1.47) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.03 (0.86–1.23) | 1.28 (1.06–1.56)* | 1.48 (1.06–2.07)* |
| Male OR (95% C.I.) | 0.71 (0.29–1.73) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 1.23 (1.00–1.52) | 1.79 (1.10–2.91) |
| Interaction: Wald F(4) = 0.30, p=.88 | |||||
Note. Reference group: Normal weight (BMI=18.5–24.9). OR = Odds Ratio. CI=Confidence interval. * and **OR differs significantly from reference group (Wald F is significant and C.I. does not include 1.00).
*
Wald F significant at p < .05.
**
Wald F significant at p < .01. ORs are computed controlling for age, ethnicity, education, income, marital status, number of children, urban/rural residence, region of the country, any lifetime mood disorder, any past-year mood disorder, any lifetime anxiety disorder, any past-year anxiety disorder, any personality disorder, any lifetime alcohol use disorder, any past-year alcohol use disorder, any lifetime drug use disorder, any past-year drug use disorder, lifetime nicotine dependence, and past-year nicotine dependence.