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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2008 Jul 31;59(2):298–310. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.002

Figure 1. Effects of NPS in the LA/BLA on generalized anxiety behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze.

Figure 1

(A) Representative examples of locomotor paths, diagrams of averaged visits of the central zone, time spent in centre, distances in the centre and in the border field, and total locomotor activity of NPS-, SHA 68-, and saline-treated mice in open field. (B) Representative examples of locomotor paths (open arms in vertical direction), and averaged entries into open/closed arms and time spent on open/closed arms of NPS- and saline-treated mice in an elevated plus maze. Note the significantly increased number of visits of the central zone, time spent in centre and distance in centre (A) and of entries into opens arms and time spent on open arms (B) of NPS-treated mice compared to saline controls, while locomotor activity was similar in both groups and in both behavioral tests (data not shown for EPM-test). SHA 68-treated mice showed significantly reduced (anxiogenic-like) responses in the open field. Behavioral data were obtained 20 minutes after bilateral injection of NPS (0.5 µl, 10 µM), SHA 68 (0.5 µl, 10 µM), NaCl and Cremophor-PBS buffer, respectively. Values are mean ± SEM; *, significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05).