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Expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines induced by HIV-VLPs in PBMCs (A and B). PBMCs were incubated in the presence of HIV-VLPs for 16 h, and expression of IL-12 p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 by PBMCs was measured in the culture supernatant by ELISA. For each group, the PBS (basal)- and VLP-induced (VLP) levels are reported. The value for each sample in each group is shown. The mean and SEM of the values in each group are shown.
