CRF2-R activation causes dynorphin/KOR-mediated aversive behavioral responses. A, Representative Western blots showing that urocortin III (U3) injection (0.5 μg, i.c.v.) increased KORp-ir compared with saline-injected mice. The increased KORp-ir was blocked by pretreatment with norBNI (10 mg/kg, i.p.) (U3+N) (n = 4 animals per group). B, Urocortin III (UcnIII) induced significant place aversion that was blocked by norBNI, whereas Stressin 1 (0.5 μg, i.c.v.) did not induce significant aversion. *p < 0.05, significantly different from UcnIII group (n = 6 animals per group).