Fig. 7.

Effect of paraformaldehyde fixed parasites (Ld-F) or freeze-thawed parasites (Ld-K) infection on Pam3cys stimulated cytokines (IL-12p40 and IL-10) production and activation of MAPK pathway by THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were infected with either Ld-F or Ld-K for 2 h, non-ingested parasites were washed and cultures were activated with Pam3cys (1 ug/ml) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected for IL-12p40 (A) and IL-10 (B) measurement. Mean + SD of three independent experiments is shown and group comparison was done using student's t test P < 0·05 considered significant (*P < 0·05, ***P < 0·005).