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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene transfer to modify pain perception. The ascending pain transmission pathway is shown in black. Nonreplicating recombinant HSV vectors injected into the skin (a) are carried by retrograde axonal transport to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (b) where the vector establishes a pseudo-latent state. Transgene products produced in the DRG are released from afferent nerve terminals in the dorsal horn of spinal cord (c) to modulate nociceptive neurotransmission.
