Table 4.

Consumption of different types of fish and risk of major chronic disease in 40,230 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with no major chronic disease at baseline in 1986¹

	Fish consumption (servings)2
	<1/mo	1–3/mo	1/wk	≥2/wk3	P for trend
Tuna
No. of cases4	2601	3422	2493	1113
All	1	0.96 (0.91, 1.01)	0.97 (0.92, 1.03)	0.97 (0.89, 1.04)	0.48
CVD	1	0.96 (0.87, 1.04)	0.94 (0.86, 1.04)	0.98 (0.87, 1.10)	0.84
Cancer	1	0.96 (0.89, 1.04)	1.00 (0.92, 1.08)	0.96 (0.86, 1.07)	0.59
Dark meat fish
No. of cases4	4873	2767	1423	493
All	1	0.97 (0.92, 1.01)	0.98 (0.92, 1.04)	1.04 (0.94, 1.15)	0.75
CVD	1	0.96 (0.89, 1.04)	1.00 (0.91, 1.11)	1.10 (0.93, 1.29)	0.35
Cancer	1	0.96 (0.90, 1.03)	0.98 (0.90, 1.07)	1.02 (0.88, 1.18)	0.96
Other fish
No. of cases4	2370	3160	2773	1130
All	1	0.94 (0.89, 0.99)	0.93 (0.88, 0.99)	0.97 (0.89, 1.04)	0.70
CVD	1	0.91 (0.83, 1.00)	0.90 (0.82, 0.99)	1.00 (0.88, 1.13)	0.58
Cancer	1	0.95 (0.88, 1.03)	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)	0.97 (0.86, 1.08)	0.75

¹Cox regression was used. Values in the models are relative risks and 95% CIs (in parentheses). CVD, cardiovascular disease.

²Adjusted for age (in 1-y increments), body mass index (quintiles); smoking (5 categories); physical activity (quintiles); history of diabetes, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia; first-degree family history of myocardial infarction before age 60; first-degree family history of colon cancer and aspirin use (yes/no), multivitamin supplement use (yes/no), glycemic load and intakes of protein, fiber, trans fat, saturated fat, n-6 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, red meat, total calories and alcohol (each in quintiles).

³Few subjects consumed these individual fish types ≥5 times/wk and were combined with those consuming 2–4 times/wk.

⁴Numbers represent major chronic disease cases (“all” category).