TABLE 3.
Perceived Chances of Benefit and Risk, Risk-Benefit Ratios, and Differences in Benefit and Risk Among Patients Considering Participation in Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials
| Variable | Mean (SD)
|
p-Value for Accepters vs. Decliners | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall
(N = 315) |
Accepters
(n = 250) |
Decliners
(n = 65) |
||
| Chance of benefit for standard therapy* | 41.16 (28.47) | 38.95 (28.54) | 50.38 (26.53) | 0.007 |
| Chance of benefit for experimental therapy* | 60.51 (26.64) | 64.85 (25.17) | 40.04 (23.90) | < 0.001 |
| Chance of risk for standard therapy* | 56.56 (29.81) | 56.23 (30.15) | 57.96 (28.57) | 0.69 |
| Chance of risk for experimental therapy* | 38.88 (27.41) | 36.14 (26.43) | 51.76 (28.51) | < 0.001 |
| Risk-benefit ratio for standard therapy | 2.07 (2.54) | 2.17 (2.70) | 1.70 (1.86) | 0.15 |
| Risk-benefit ratio for experimental therapy | 1.05 (1.64) | 0.78 (1.10) | 2.36 (2.79) | < 0.001 |
| Absolute value of difference in benefit* | 27.38 (25.37) | 29.65 (25.82) | 17.04 (20.48) | < 0.001 |
| Absolute value of difference in risk* | 23.77 (25.91) | 24.59 (26.47) | 19.89 (22.97) | 0.23 |
| Absolute value of difference in the difference between benefit and risk | 23.95 (20.75) | 24.61 (21.03) | 20.79 (19.30) | 0.25 |
| Absolute value of difference in risk-benefit ratio between standard and experimental therapies | 1.6 2(2.67) | 1.70 (2.81) | 1.24 (1.93) | 0.21 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
*
Measured on a 0-100 scale.