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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11(3):111–132.

Table 2.

Table 2a. Percentage distribution of unmarried, 15–19 year old adolescents, by sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics, according to gender (Burkina Faso)
Males Females
Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active
n = 1068 n = 149 n = 64 n = 316 n = 971 n = 80 n =36 n = 240
Mean Age (SD) years 16.4 (1.30) 17.4 (1.31) 17.0 (1.31) 17.5 (1.39) 16.2 (1.21) 17.1 (1.16) 17.7 (1.37) 17.0 (1.28)
Has boy/girlfriend 7.5 25.3 51.6 77.2 17.4 56.3 72.2 85.0
Reported pressure not to have sex 26.5 25.5 14.1 N/A 49.1 30.6 30.6 N/A
Sociodemographic Variables
Urban residence 22.0 25.5 34.4 28.4 34.4 41.3 63.9 36.3
In school 23.2 20.7 34.4 13.3 23.2 10.0 27.8 14.2
Religion
 Catholic 20.2 14.8 26.6 17.7 25.0 28.4 44.4 22.9
 Protestant/other Christian 3.8 4.0 1.6 3.8 6.6 .0 .0 1.7
 Muslim 62.8 68.5 65.6 72.2 56.2 63.0 55.6 65.4
 Other/No religion 13.2 12.7 6.2 6.3 12.2 8.6 0.0 10.0
Socioeconomic status
 1 = Poorest Quintile 19.1 16.7 26.6 16.8 19.1 9.9 2.8 18.8
 2 20.6 24.0 15.6 12.9 17.1 14.8 16.7 16.2
 3 21.0 20.7 6.3 18.8 16.9 14.8 13.9 13.7
 4 22.5 20.7 17.2 27.2 15.4 18.5 11.1 25.6
 5 = Richest Quintile 16.8 18.0 34.4 24.3 31.5 42.0 55.6 25.6
Living Arrangements
 Both mother and father 61.1 51.0 48.4 60.4 57.3 41.3 33.3 52.9
 Single parent 17.9 15.4 20.3 17.7 13.3 13.8 19.4 15.0
 Neither mother/father 21.0 33.6 31.3 21.8 29.5 45.0 47.2 32.1
Behavioral Variables
Club member 8.7 14.8 18.8 14.8 9.3 8.6 25.0 14.2
Talked about sex * 6.8 4.0 15.6 4.7 3.6 7.4 16.7 5.0
Substance use 33.7 45.3 48.4 45.9 32.3 42.0 27.8 44.2
Psychosocial variables
Importance of religion
 Very important 72.5 79.3 71.4 76.5 75.6 64.5 91.7 66.8
 Somewhat/not important 27.5 20.7 28.6 23.5 24.4 35.5 8.3 33.2
HIV stigma
 High 66.2 54.7 61.9 60.4 60.2 55.3 51.4 59.7
 Moderate 20.6 26.4 19.0 23.3 24.5 31.6 35.1 23.3
 Low 13.3 18.9 19.0 16.3 15.3 13.2 13.5 16.9
Knows person with/died from HIV/AIDS 50.7 52.4 71.9 72.2 51.3 58.4 75.0 70.2
Mean HIV knowledge (SD) 11.2 (3.36) 11.7 (2.91) 12.2 (2.70) 12.2 (2.94) 11.2 (3.32) 11.7 (3.17) 13.5 (2.69) 11.9 (3.09)
Table 2b. Percentage distribution of unmarried, 15–19 year old adolescents, by sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics, according to gender (Ghana)
Males Females
Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active
n = 1045 n = 84 n = 27 n = 68 n = 856 n = 93 n = 49 n = 114
Mean Age (SD) years 16.6 (1.31) 17.5 (1.32) 17.5 (1.04) 17.6 (1.27) 16.4 (1.28) 17.4 (1.24) 17.7 (1.18) 17.3 (1.22)
Has boy/girlfriend 4.8 15.7 60.7 74.2 5.8 24.7 47.9 85.7
Reported pressure not to have sex 46.8 53.8 50.0 N/A 51.1 53.1 46.9 N/A
Sociodemographic Variables
Urban residence 46.3 45.2 66.7 35.8 54.0 46.2 63.3 40.4
In school 70.8 47.6 55.6 41.2 69.6 43.6 30.6 31.9
Religion
 Catholic 16.6 9.5 20.7 19.4 17.5 20.2 16.3 22.8
 Protestant 15.1 21.4 20.7 11.9 20.1 16.0 18.4 27.2
 Pentecostal or Other Christian 41.3 42.9 41.4 35.8 40.7 44.7 42.9 36.8
 Muslim 20.3 16.7 17.2 25.4 17.5 14.9 18.4 9.6
 Other/No religion 6.70 9.50 0.00 7.50 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.6
Socioeconomic status
 1 = Poorest Quintile 19.6 19.3 18.5 25.0 17.4 23.7 6.1 20.2
 2 21.0 22.9 11.1 17.6 16.3 12.9 16.3 28.4
 3 21.1 16.9 18.5 27.9 18.5 18.3 24.5 22.9
 4 18.9 22.9 25.9 23.5 20.1 17.2 32.7 17.4
 5 = Richest Quintile 19.4 18.1 25.9 5.9 27.7 28.0 20.4 11.0
Living Arrangements
 Both mother and father 43.2 34.5 29.6 37.3 44.1 33.3 20.4 33.6
 Single parent 31.9 29.8 25.9 31.3 26.1 31.2 42.9 28.3
 Neither mother/father 24.9 35.7 44.4 31.3 29.8 35.5 36.7 38.1
Behavioral Variables
Club member 23.8 29.8 25.9 23.5 36.7 38.7 33.3 44.2
Talked about sex * 29.8 30.1 37.0 10.4 35.4 26.6 18.8 21.9
Substance use 27.7 59.5 66.7 59.7 19.1 34.0 40.4 45.6
Psychosocial variables
Importance of religion
 Very important 84.7 77.5 92.6 74.2 87.8 89.0 89.6 92.0
 Somewhat/not important 15.3 22.5 7.4 25.8 12.2 11.0 10.4 8.0
HIV stigma
 High 46.1 48.1 29.6 49.3 52.7 53.3 50.0 48.2
 Moderate 35.5 35.4 48.1 37.3 37.2 39.1 41.7 42.0
 Low 18.5 16.5 22.2 13.4 10.1 7.6 8.3 9.8
Knows person with/died from HIV/AIDS 42.9 51.3 55.6 67.6 38.4 52.7 64.6 45.5
Mean HIV knowledge (SD) 13.5 (2.49) 14.0 (1.71) 14.4 (2.11) 13.3 (1.74) 13.1 (3.04) 13.2 (2.44) 13.9 (2.06) 13.4 (1.82)
Table 2c. Percentage distribution of unmarried, 15–19 year old adolescents, by sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics, according to gender (Malawi)
Males Females
Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active
n = 446 n = 314 n = 79 n = 231 n = 653 n = 92 n = 35 n = 69
Mean Age (SD) years 16.5 (1.39) 16.9 (1.37) 17.4 (1.38) 17.1 (1.36) 16.4 (1.24) 17.1 (1.41) 17.1 (1.19) 17.1 (1.27)
Has boy/girlfriend 9.6 23.2 31.6 58.0 16.3 35.9 58.8 62.7
Reported pressure not to have sex 22.2 24.1 34.2 N/A 34.2 38.3 29.4 N/A
Sociodemographic Variables
Urban residence 30.5 22.9 30.4 13.9 23.1 30.4 35.3 26.1
In school 78.6 70.8 62.0 52.4 71.6 56.5 31.4 39.1
Religion
 Catholic 26.5 28.9 21.5 21.6 30.0 29.3 22.2 24.6
 Protestant 46.5 33.0 41.8 35.5 45.3 44.6 55.6 40.6
 Pentecostal or Other Christian 15.5 17.1 17.7 26.4 11.2 13.0 11.1 8.7
 Muslim 7.9 16.2 17.7 13.4 8.3 13.0 11.1 24.6
 Other/No religion 3.6 4.8 1.3 3.1 5.2 0.1 0.0 1.5
Socioeconomic status
 1 = Poorest Quintile 15.6 18.3 10.8 17.7 21.2 13.3 9.1 21.5
 2 20.4 19.9 16.2 28.2 16.3 18.1 24.2 16.9
 3 17.5 23.9 20.3 28.2 19.6 14.5 9.1 15.4
 4 20.4 17.6 21.6 11.8 22.5 27.7 27.3 23.1
 5 = Richest Quintile 26.0 20.3 31.1 14.1 20.4 26.5 30.3 23.1
Living Arrangements
 Both mother and father 49.6 34.8 48.1 48.7 44.8 44.1 41.2 31.9
 Single parent 20.4 24.9 21.5 22.8 23.6 19.4 14.7 27.5
 Neither mother/father 30.0 40.3 30.4 28.4 31.6 36.6 44.1 40.6
Behavioral Variables
Club member 29.3 33.1 34.2 29.9 32.3 22.8 29.4 23.2
Talked about sex * 27.7 28.8 38.0 20.8 15.4 29.0 17.1 11.9
Substance use 19.6 27.0 29.1 32.5 17.0 21.7 8.6 21.7
Psychosocial variables
Importance of religion
 Very important 98.2 99.3 100.0 97.8 97.5 98.9 97.1 100.0
 Somewhat/not important 1.8 .7 .0 2.2 2.5 1.1 2.9 .0
HIV stigma
 High 29.1 26.1 25.3 30.4 43.2 34.4 27.3 36.4
 Moderate 17.7 26.5 22.8 20.9 24.4 21.1 39.4 25.8
 Low 53.2 47.4 51.9 48.7 32.5 44.4 33.3 37.9
Knows person with/died from HIV/AIDS 76.6 84.6 92.4 87.0 74.2 83.3 91.2 74.2
Mean HIV knowledge (SD) 13.6 (2.21) 13.8 (2.11) 14.2 (2.17) 13.5 (2.05) 13.1 (2.58) 13.8 (2.08) 13.8 (2.69) 13.7 (2.17)
Table 2d. Percentage distribution of unmarried, 15–19 year old adolescents, by sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics, according to gender (Uganda)
Males Females
Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active Primary abstainer Secondary abstainer Recent abstainer Sexually active
n = 659 n = 270 n = 87 n = 222 n = 669 n = 149 n = 78 n = 102
Mean Age (SD) years 16.4 (1.33) 16.8 (1.35) 17.4 (1.34) 17.2 (1.30) 16.3 (1.22) 16.8 (1.43) 16.8 (1.41) 17.3 (1.28)
Has boy/girlfriend 18.8 38.0 59.8 72.8 12.7 44.4 71.1 79.6
Reported pressure not to have sex 46.6 49.0 43.0 N/A 63.5 66.7 71.8 N/A
Sociodemographic Variables
Urban residence 10.6 10.0 17.2 13.1 14.8 18.8 13.0 18.6
In school 73.9 67.2 66.7 46.4 72.0 52.0 50.0 35.3
Religion
 Catholic 41.6 45.4 47.1 41.3 42.7 30.2 37.7 42.2
 Protestant 34.9 31.4 31.0 38.1 35.2 38.3 33.8 31.4
 Pentecostal or Other Christian 7.7 6.6 9.2 5.8 11.0 12.8 13.0 12.7
 Muslim 13.2 12.5 12.6 13.0 10.1 16.8 14.3 12.7
 Other/No religion 2.6 4.1 0.1 1.8 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.0
 No Religion
Socioeconomic status
 1 = Poorest Quintile 18.2 19.9 12.9 18.2 20.1 14.9 20.8 16.5
 2 20.5 23.4 20.0 19.2 17.5 16.3 16.7 12.4
 3 20.7 19.9 22.4 18.7 16.4 21.3 16.7 12.4
 4 20.8 19.9 20.0 20.1 19.6 19.1 19.4 21.6
 5 = Richest Quintile 19.7 16.9 24.7 23.8 26.3 28.4 26.4 37.1
Living Arrangements
 Both mother and father 43.3 40.3 33.3 37.1 44.7 34.7 44.2 22.5
 Single parent 27.4 27.6 20.7 31.2 24.9 25.2 29.9 29.4
 Neither mother/father 29.3 32.1 46.0 31.7 30.4 40.1 26.0 48.0
Behavioral Variables
Club member 18.2 19.0 26.4 14.9 27.3 23.0 23.1 12.7
Talked about sex * 22.0 27.0 31.0 27.9 26.9 32.9 46.2 27.5
Substance use 34.5 50.6 50.6 56.3 28.4 29.7 39.0 39.2
Psychosocial variables
Importance of religion
 Very important 89.6 87.2 94.3 90.0 85.0 87.8 90.9 85.3
 Somewhat/not important 10.4 12.8 5.7 10.0 15.0 12.2 9.1 14.7
HIV stigma
 High 44.8 39.3 31.0 36.0 56.5 38.9 54.5 52.9
 Moderate 26.6 27.4 26.4 25.2 20.5 24.2 15.6 22.5
 Low 28.6 33.3 42.5 38.7 23.0 36.9 29.9 24.5
Knows person with/died from HIV/AIDS 90.0 94.1 96.6 96.4 91.4 96.6 96.2 97.1
Mean HIV knowledge (SD) 13.5 (2.36) 13.9 (1.98) 14.2 (1.69) 14.2 (1.85) 13.3 (2.73) 14.0 (2.09) 14.1 (2.12) 14.3 (2.08)
*

Talked about sex at church, school, or with a health provider