Table 3.
ANCOVAs comparing VFQ-25 change scores among groups of patients differing in visual acuity change from baseline to month 18†
|
Change in VFQ-25 score mean (SD) |
Improved by ≥ 10 (N = 32–35) |
Improved by 5 to 9 (N = 80–85) |
No change (-4 to +4) (N = 300–323) |
Worsened by 5 to 9 (N = 47–53) |
Worsened by ≥ 10 (N = 36–39) |
Overall F value |
Change in best visual acuity p-value |
Significant pairwise comparisons |
| General vision | 9.1 (17.0) | 3.3 (16.9) | -0.2 (15.8) | -1.5 (14.1) | -13.3 (19.1) | 5.98*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I***, J* |
| Ocular pain | 1.8 (15.2) | -0.1 (16.3) | 2.2 (14.8) | 2.4 (13.9) | 1.6 (15.0) | 0.68 | 0.74 | |
| Near vision | 6.3 (17.7) | 3.6 (17.9) | 1.1 (17.2) | -4.5 (16.1) | -15.8 (24.9) | 6.16*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I*** |
| Distance vision | 2.7 (12.8) | 1.4 (14.8) | 0.3 (14.3) | -5.6 (14.9) | -16.2 (19.5) | 8.45*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I***, J* |
| Social function | 2.9 (7.5) | -0.9 (9.9) | -0.5 (10.6) | -3.3 (14.3) | -11.2 (24.1) | 5.24*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I*** |
| Mental health | 7.3 (17.9) | 2.3 (15.1) | 0.5 (16.9) | -3.3 (22.9) | -17.5 (28.1) | 6.39*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I***, J* |
| Role limitations | 3.6 (15.6) | 3.8 (21.0) | 0.2 (17.9) | -6.4 (23.6) | -21.5 (31.4) | 7.59*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I***, J* |
| Dependency | 3.3 (14.0) | -3.0 (13.8) | -0.3 (14.3) | -7.5 (22.8) | -26.1 (32.8) | 13.35*** | <0.0001 | C*, D***, G***, I***, J*** |
| Driving | 0.1 (18.9) | -2.1 (14.1) | -1.8 (15.4) | -6.9 (19.1) | -22.9 (35.1) | 7.91*** | <0.0001 | D***, G***, I***, J** |
| Color vision | 2.3 (15.8) | -1.5 (14.7) | 0.6 (12.4) | -3.8 (17.4) | -11.5 (31.3) | 3.56*** | 0.0001 | D*, G*, I*** |
| Peripheral vision | 5.7 (20.2) | -2.6 (17.3) | -0.5 (18.6) | -5.0 (22.0) | -16.7 (32.1) | 4.52*** | <0.0001 | D***, G*, I*** |
| Overall VFQ-25 score | 3.9 (9.1) | 0.2 (10.1) | 0.1 (8.9) | -4.4 (11.4) | -15.6 (19.2) | 13.99*** | <0.0001 | C**, D***, G***, I***, J*** |
Pairwise comparisons:
A: Improved by ± 10 vs. Improved by 5 to 9; B: Improved by ± 10 vs. No change (-4 to +4);
C: Improved by ± 10 vs. Worsened by 5 to 9; D: Improved by ± 10 vs. Worsened by ± 10;
E: Improved by 5 to 9 vs. No change (-4 to +4); F: Improved by 5 to 9 vs. Worsened by 5 to 9;
G: Improved by 5 to 9 vs. Worsened by ± 10; H: No change (-4 to +4) vs. Worsened by 5 to 9;
I: No change (-4 to +4) vs. Worsened by ± 10; J: Worsened by 5 to 9 vs. Worsened by ± 10
†Covariates: age in years, gender, best eye visual acuity at baseline
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
ANCOVAs = analysis of covariance; SD = standard deviation; VFQ-25 = 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire