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. 2008 Dec 15;119(1):146–156. doi: 10.1172/JCI36851

Figure 6. Hoxd13 modulates chondrogenesis.

Figure 6

(A) WT and mutant Hoxd13 were expressed in chMM cultures using the NCI RCAS retroviral system. Alcian blue staining was used to detect cartilage-specific nodules starting at day 6 (bottom) and subsequently quantified (top). WT Hoxd13 inhibited cartilage formation, while mutant Hoxd13 with +7Ala or +14Ala expansions had a prochondrogenic effect. (B) Quantitative PCR analysis of chMM cultures. Values were normalized to day 6 control. WT Hoxd13 strongly suppressed Col2a1 expression, while Hoxd13 with expanded Ala repeats showed increased expression. (C) The effects of other autopod-expressed Hox genes were analyzed in chMM cultures. Hoxd11 and Hoxd12 showed only a mild inhibitory effect on chondrogenesis. In contrast, Hoxa13 had an effect similar to Hoxd13. Results are presented as mean ± SD.