Table 1.
Sample Characteristics and Neuropsychological Performance
| Healthy Participants (N = 26) |
Participants with Schizophrenia (N = 40) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 48.26 (9.93) | 45.8 (10.21) | .40 | |
| Age at illness onset | ---- | 22.75 (7.26) | ---- | |
| Participant Education | 14.26 (1.97) | 12.25 (1.96) | < .001 | |
| Paternal Education | 12.64 (4.38) | 12.47 (4.34) | .90 | |
| Gender (M:F) * | 18:8 | 31:9 | .45 | |
| Race * | .67 | |||
| African American | 9 | 11 | ||
| Caucasian | 17 | 27 | ||
| Other | 0 | 2 | ||
| Antipsychotic Medication | ||||
| Atypical | ---- | 29 | ---- | |
| Typical | ---- | 6 | ---- | |
| Typical + Atypical | ---- | 5 | ---- | |
| Clinical Ratings | ||||
| BPRS | ---- | 36.83 (8.46) | ---- | |
| SANS | ---- | 25.94 (14.11) | ---- | |
| Neurocognitive Test Results | ||||
| Spatial Span | 10.81 (3.06) | 7.95 (3.23) | .001 | |
| Letter-Number Sequencing | 16.22 (3.83) | 11.70 (3.22) | < .001 | |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test | 28.36 (4.08) | 20.84 (5.19) | < .001 | |
| Wechsler Test of Adult Reading | 106.78 (15.52) | 95.27 (16.35) | .005 | |
Note: Table includes means and standard deviations. Except where noted, group differences tested with T-tests. BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; SANS, Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms.
*
Comparison tested with chi-square