Figure 4. Elimination of living bacteria (A) and spores (B).

Bacteria B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. cereus and B. anthracis were placed on TiO₂ and TiO₂ (N) substrates, respectively. All surviving bacteria (A) or spores (B) in the TiO₂ groups were normalized to 100%. The relative percentages of surviving pathogens in the TiO2 (N) groups are shown. The illumination intensity was 3×10⁴ lux (90 mW/cm²) and the reaction time was 25 minutes. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared to respective TiO₂ groups.