PSG23N1A induces TGFB1 in macrophages and BMDCs. A) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 5–20 μg/ml of PSG23N1A for 24 h. B) Peritoneal macrophages isolated from BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were treated with PSG23N1A (PSG23) at 5–20 μg/ml of protein for 4 h. C) Following differentiation, BMDCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 30 μg/ml of PSG23N1A for 24 h. TGFB1 in the supernatants was analyzed by ELISA. All cells were treated in triplicate, and data is representative of at least three independent experiments. For A and B, statistical significance between doses was determined by one-way ANOVA, and the P value between doses was <0.001. For C, statistical significance between the protein-treated and untreated samples was determined by two-tailed Student t-test, and * indicates P < 0.05. Error bars represent mean ± SEM.