PSG23N1A induces VEGFA in macrophages and BMDCs. A) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 10–30 μg/ml PSG23N1A protein for 24 h. Statistical significance between doses was determined by one-way ANOVA, and the P value between doses was <0.001. B) Peritoneal macrophages isolated from BALB/c mice were treated with 20 μg/ml of PSG23N1A in a time-course study. C) Following differentiation, BMDCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 20 μg/ml of PSG23N1A for 24 h. D) RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 20 μg/ml control antibody or neutralizing anti-TGFB1 antibody. After 30 min of incubation with antibodies, cells were treated with 20 μg/ml PSG23N1A in the indicated wells and incubated for 24 h. VEGFA in the supernatants was analyzed by ELISA. All cells were treated in triplicate, and data is representative of at least three independent experiments. For B and C, statistical significance between the protein-treated and untreated samples was determined by two-tailed Student t-test, and * indicates P < 0.05. For D statistical significance between protein-treated or antibody-treated samples versus the untreated samples was determined by two-tailed Student t-test, and * indicates P < 0.05. Error bars represent mean ± SEM.