PSG23N1A binding and activity is not CD9 dependent. A) Peritoneal macrophages from wild-type (WT) and CD9-null (CD9KO) mice were incubated with 5 μg of PSG23N1A or Multiple Tag control protein, followed by subsequent incubation with biotinylated anti-Flag antibody, and stained with FITC-conjugated streptavidin and a live/dead cell discriminator. Cells were fixed and samples processed with the BD LSRII cell analyzer. Data was analyzed using WinList 3.0 software. B) PSG23N1A induced TGFB1 secretion in wild-type and CD9-null peritoneal macrophages after 24 h of treatment as measured by ELISA. Cells were treated in triplicate, and data is representative of three independent experiments. Statistical significance between protein-treated and untreated samples was determined by two-tailed Student t-test, and * indicates P < 0.05. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ctrl., Control.