Figure 9.

Phytotoxicity of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid in multiple plant species. A, Phytotoxic compound 1 (C1) was identified as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. B, Cellular responses of ecotype Col-0 leaves treated with C1 (left) and commercially prepared 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (LA; right). A single 10-μL drop of 10 mm C1 or LA was placed on the leaves of 28- to 30-d-old plants. The control plants received a mixture of distilled water and acetone (70:30, mock). Leaves at 2 dpi are shown. The leaves were stained with Evans blue (for dead cells) and DAB (for H₂O₂ accumulation). C, Phytotoxic activity of three concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mm) of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid on leaves of rice (a), barley (b), Arabidopsis (c), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; d), and pepper (Capsicum annuum; e).