Table 3.
Univariate analyses relating clinical and sociodemographic predictors to having a diagnosis of generalized anxiety, depression, or both generalized anxiety and depression
| Variable | n | NEITHER (n = 158) | GAD (n = 55) | DEP (n = 31) | GAD & DEP (n = 119) | p Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 209 | 97 (46%) | 36 (17%) | 22 (11%) | 54 (26%) | 0.008 (0.002) |
| Female | 154 | 61 (40%) | 19 (12%) | 9 (6%) | 65 (42%) | |
| Mean age (SD) | 44.7 (1.9) | 41.4 (11.1) | 45.5 (12.9) | 43.0 (10.4) | 0.189 | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 57 | 20 (35%) | 12 (21%) | 6 (11%) | 19 (33%) | 0.358 (0.130) |
| Married | 276 | 128 (46%) | 39 (14%) | 23 (8%) | 86 (31%) | |
| Divorced | 20 | 7 (35%) | 3 (15%) | 1 (5%) | 9 (45%) | |
| Separated | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | |
| Widowed | 5 | 3 (60%) | 1 (20%) | 0 | 1 (20%) | |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 11 | 3 (27%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (9%) | 6 (54%) | 0.426 (0.110) |
| High school diploma | 50 | 20 (40%) | 5 (10%) | 6 (12%) | 19 (38%) | |
| Some college | 93 | 33 (35%) | 15 (16%) | 9 (10%) | 36 (39%) | |
| College degree | 144 | 69 (48%) | 21 (15%) | 11 (8%) | 43 (30%) | |
| Graduate degree | 64 | 32 (50%) | 13 (20%) | 4 (6%) | 15 (23%) | |
| Not recorded | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Time from diagnosis | ||||||
| <3 months | 17 | 6 (35%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (18%) | 6 (35%) | 0.514 (0.958) |
| 3–12 months | 105 | 43 (41%) | 16 (15%) | 11 (10%) | 35 (33%) | |
| 13–24 months | 98 | 40 (41%) | 17 (17%) | 11 (11%) | 30 (31%) | |
| >24 months | 143 | 69 (48%) | 20 (14%) | 6 (4%) | 48 (34%) | |
| WHO tumor grade | ||||||
| I | 6 | 4 (67%) | 1 (17%) | 0 | 1 (17%) | 0.002 (0.027) |
| II | 53 | 16 (29%) | 9 (16%) | 3 (5%) | 29 (51%) | |
| III | 131 | 58 (45%) | 25 (20%) | 4 (3%) | 39 (31%) | |
| IV | 162 | 77 (48%) | 16 (10%) | 24 (15%) | 45 (28%) | |
| Not recorded | 4 | 0 | 1 (25%) | 0 | 3 (75%) | |
| Brain not primaryb | 8 | 3 (38%) | 3 (38%) | 0 | 2 (25%) | |
| Tumor site | ||||||
| Right hemisphere | 170 | 76 (45%) | 29 (17%) | 12 (7%) | 53 (31%) | 0.760 (0.737) |
| Left hemisphere | 158 | 66 (42%) | 20 (13%) | 17 (11%) | 55 (35%) | |
| Otherc | 34 | 16 (44%) | 6 (17%) | 2 (6%) | 11 (31%) | |
| Past/current medical illnessd | ||||||
| Yes | 96 | 33 (34%) | 16 (17%) | 11 (11%) | 36 (38%) | 0.180 (0.250) |
| No | 267 | 125 (47%) | 39 (15%) | 20 (7%) | 83 (31%) | |
| Recurrent diseasee | ||||||
| Yes | 89 | 39 (43%) | 10 (16%) | 6 (9%) | 34 (31%) | 0.441 (0.210) |
| No | 274 | 119 (44%) | 45 (11%) | 25 (7%) | 85 (38%) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 345 | 149 (43%) | 52 (15%) | 30 (9%) | 114 (33%) | 0.947 (0.799) |
| Nonwhite | 18 | 9 (50%) | 3 (17%) | 1 (6%) | 5 (28%) | |
| Previous psychiatric illness | ||||||
| No | 344 | 154 (45%) | 54 (16%) | 30 (9%) | 106 (31%) | 0.014 (0.0016) |
| Yes | 19 | 4 (21%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | 13 (68%) | |
Abbreviations: NEITHER, did not meet criteria for generalized anxiety or depression; GAD, generalized-anxiety-only group; DEP, depression-only group; GAD & DEP, generalized anxiety and depression group.
p Values outside of parentheses refer to the four patient groupings (NEITHER, GAD, DE P, and GAD & DEP), whereas p values within parentheses refer to a dichotomous grouping (GAD & DEP group vs. a combined group of NEITHER, GAD, and DE P).
Brain not primary indicates that brain cancer was not the primary diagnosis or that brain tumor was the result of metastasis.
Other included diagnoses such as bilateral tumor location.
Past/current medical illness included previous cardiac events, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, significant renal disease requiring dialysis, history of psychiatric illness, and/or history of other cancers.
Recurrent disease indicates tumor growth >25% on MRI.
History of psychiatric illness was defined as having been treated for a psychiatric condition in the past with medication, psychotherapy, or psychiatric admission.