Table 1.
Demographics and clinical variables in the wrist fracture patients, hip fracture patients, and the control group.
| Wrist | Hip | Control group | p value* | |
| n = 181 | n = 97 | n = 226 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 66.9 (9.9) | 74.9 (9.8) | 66.8 (9.0) | 0.003 bc |
| Females | 161 (89) | 71 (73) | 192 (85) | 0.003 bc |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (4.3) | 23.1 (4.0) | 26.6 (4.3) | < 0.001 abc |
| Education level | 0.040 b | |||
| < 10 years | 62 (37) | 40 (48) | 88 (39) | |
| 11–13 years | 70 (42) | 29 (35) | 70 (31) | |
| > 13 years | 36 (21) | 14 (17) | 67 (30) | |
| Cohabiting | 92 (53) | 34 (36) | 152 (68) | < 0.001 abc |
| Regular exercise** | 134 (74) | 57 (59) | 169 (77) | 0.008 bc |
| Current smoker | 29 (16) | 29 (30) | 30 (13) | 0.001 bc |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Current glucocorticoids | 12 (7) | 12 (13) | 3 (1) | < 0.001 ab |
| Current calcium and/or vitamin D | 40 (22) | 20 (21) | 50 (22) | 0.950 |
| Current ART | 26 (14) | 9 (9) | 13 (6) | 0.013 a |
| Previous fracture(s) | 97(54) | 46 (48) | 97 (45) | 0.175 |
| ≥ 1 fall in previous year | 75 (47) | 48 (53) | 67 (36) | 0.023b |
| Osteoporosis*** | 60 (33) | 57 (59) | 37 (16) | < 0.001 abc |
| Health-focused QOL (SF-36) | ||||
| SF-36 PCS**** | 50.9 (9.8) | 46.3 (10.5) | 51.3 (8.3) | < 0.001 bc |
| SF-36 MCS**** | 50.1 (9.9) | 47.7 (11.6) | 50.7 (8.7) | 0.044 b |
Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), and group variables as numbers and per cent (%).
* Chi-square used to compare categorical data, and ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test used for continuous variables. Significant differences between the marked groups: a = wrist fracture patients vs. control group, b = hip fracture patient vs. control group, and c = wrist fracture patients vs. hip fracture patients. P-values marked with bold indicate statistically significant differences between the groups.
** Exercise more than 30 minutes three times a week.
*** Osteoporosis at total hip and/or spine L2–L4.
**** SF-36 scores range from 0 to 100, where 100 means perfect health.
Specific osteoporosis treatment: oestrogens, biphosponates, or selective oestrogen receptor modulators.
ART, antiresorptive treatment; BMI, body mass index; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary.