Table 2.

All students enrolled in Phase 1 in 2006 and 2007 – Relationship between single and multiple attempts at online formative assessments and End of Course examination marks

			End of Course Examination Marks
				ANOVA		Multiple comparison
Course	Attempts	N	Mean	F-score	P value		Mean difference (95% CI)	P value
1	0	99	60.8	13.3	< 0.001	0 VS 1	6.1 (3.2, 9.0)	< 0.001
	1	262	66.9			0 VS ≥ 2	5.6 (2.2, 9.1)	< 0.001
	≥ 2	108	66.4			1 VS ≥ 2	-.5 (-3.3, 2.3)	1.000
2	0	62	62.8	2.2	0.112	0 VS 1	3.1 (-.8, 6.9)	0.166
	1	236	65.8			0 VS ≥ 2	3.3 (-.7, 7.4)	0.136
	≥ 2	164	66.1			1 VS ≥ 2	.3 (-2.5, 3.0)	1.000
3	0	70	66.0	4.8	0.009	0 VS 1	3.1 (.1, 6.1)	0.037
	1	227	69.1			0 VS ≥ 2	4.0 (.9, 7.1)	0.007
	≥ 2	165	70.0			1 VS ≥ 2	.9 (-1.4, 3.1)	1.000
4	0	90	59.0	14.1	< 0.001	0 VS 1	4.5 (1.6, 7.5)	0.001
	1	202	63.5			0 VS ≥ 2	6.7 (3.6, 9.7)	0.000
	≥ 2	165	65.6			1 VS ≥ 2	2.1 (-.3, 4.5)	0.111
5	0	44	59.4	9.1	< 0.001	0 VS 1	7.3 (3.1, 11.6)	< .001
	1	233	66.8			0 VS ≥ 2	5.3 (1.0, 9.5)	0.009
	≥ 2	233	64.7			1 VS ≥ 2	-2.1 (-4.5, .3)	0.112
6	0	71	59.6	6.5	0.002	0 VS 1	5.0 (1.2, 8.7)	0.005
	1	246	64.6			0 VS ≥ 2	5.7 (1.8, 9.6)	0.001
	≥ 2	190	65.3			1 VS ≥ 2	.7 (-2.0, 3.4)	1.000
7	0	122	61.5	7.8	< 0.001	0 VS 1	3.7 (1.4, 6.0)	0.000
	1	290	65.2			0 VS ≥ 2	3.0 (.1, 6.0)	0.044
	≥ 2	87	64.5			1 VS ≥ 2	.7 (-.3, 1.9)	1.000

Statistical analysis to determine whether a relationship existed between the number of attempts at online formative assessments in each course and End of Course examination marks was performed by ANOVA, with post-hoc testing by Bonferroni multiple comparisons.