Table 1.

Description of specific exercises.

Name	Description	Dosage	Increments
Ankle range of motion	Sitting with leg extended. Rotate foot in clockwise direction then anti-clockwise	1 × 10 repetitions for each foot in each direction	None
Ankle dorsiflexion strength	Sitting, hip and ankle at 90°. Dorsiflex both feet to end range of motion and hold.	Hold feet in dorsiflexion for 3 × 10 seconds	Increase repetitions up to maximum of 10
Ankle inversion strength	Sitting, hip and ankle at 90°. Invert foot against resistive exercise band anchored by chair leg	3 × 10 repetitions for each foot	Increase resistance strength of resistive exercise band
Ankle eversion strength	Sitting, hip and ankle at 90°. Evert foot against resistive exercise band anchored by chair leg	3 × 10 repetitions for each foot	Increase resistance strength of resistive exercise band
Ankle plantarflexion strength	From standing, rise up on to toes of both feet and back down	3 × 10 repetitions	Increase repetitions up to maximum of 50.
Gastrocnemius stretch	Standing stretch leaning against wall. Stretch leg is extended with knee locked. Support leg forward with knee bent	Hold stretch for 3 × 20 seconds on each leg	Increase forward lean to increase stretch as required
Toe plantarflexion strength	Heel on plate of Archxerciser™. Toes over spring loaded toebar. Retract bar	3 × 10 repetitions for each foot	Increase distance bar is retracted
Toe plantarflexion strength	Pick up 25 mm stones and place in box.	Pick up 2 × 20 stones for each foot.	None
Adductor hallucis stretch	Elastic band around both hallux. Move feet apart	3 × 20 seconds	None

All exercises to be performed 3 times a week for 6 months from baseline to follow up assessment.